美国5名专家的评论: 武汉实验室泄露病毒的论调简直无知(ZT)

是真的,但是这是公开的科学实验。得到了全体科学家同仁的认可。你如果有不同意见,没事,反正你啥也不是。
认可个屁,受到了同行的指责。
 
嗯,现在感染人了,惊喜大大地有!还是先捉么怎么证明不是泄漏的吧。


谁主张谁举证。
是你说是泄漏的,你有举证责任。
 

if you could read English, read this.
and pass it to those experts , and let them discuss
 

here is info about who is this guy
 
The 2015 paper published in Nature Magazine actually predicted the potential human emergence.

SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronavirus pose threat for human emergence
Vineet D. Menachery,1 Boyd L. Yount, Jr,1 Kari Debbink,1,2 Sudhakar Agnihothram,3 Lisa E. Gralinski,1 Jessica A. Plante,1 Rachel L. Graham,1 Trevor Scobey,1 Xing-Yi Ge,8 Eric F. Donaldson,1 Scott H. Randell,4,5 Antonio Lanzavecchia,6 Wayne A. Marasco,7 Zhengli-Li Shi,8 and Ralph S. Baric1,2

Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. In this study, we examine the disease potential for SARS-like CoVs currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Utilizing the SARS-CoV infectious clone, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild type backbone can efficiently utilize multiple ACE2 receptor orthologs, replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells, and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from CoVs utilizing the novel spike protein. Importantly, based on these findings, we synthetically rederived an infectious full length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Together, the work highlights a continued risk of SARS-CoV reemergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.
 
最后编辑:
我是不大懂生化,不过如果一个国家研制生化武器,一定是最高级机密,还拿到顶级科学杂志上去发表,基因,蛋白,序列,变异等等等前因后果,生怕全世界不知道啊?
 
The 2015 paper published in Nature Magazine actually predicted the potential human emergence.

SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronavirus pose threat for human emergence
Vineet D. Menachery,1 Boyd L. Yount, Jr,1 Kari Debbink,1,2 Sudhakar Agnihothram,3 Lisa E. Gralinski,1 Jessica A. Plante,1 Rachel L. Graham,1 Trevor Scobey,1 Xing-Yi Ge,8 Eric F. Donaldson,1 Scott H. Randell,4,5 Antonio Lanzavecchia,6 Wayne A. Marasco,7 Zhengli-Li Shi,8 and Ralph S. Baric1,2

Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. In this study, we examine the disease potential for SARS-like CoVs currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Utilizing the SARS-CoV infectious clone, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild type backbone can efficiently utilize multiple ACE2 receptor orthologs, replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells, and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from CoVs utilizing the novel spike protein. Importantly, based on these findings, we synthetically rederived an infectious full length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Together, the work highlights a continued risk of SARS-CoV reemergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.

俺彻底菜鸟,这个毒和武汉的毒,看着像,但是一回事吗?
 
俺彻底菜鸟,这个毒和武汉的毒,看着像,但是一回事吗?

如果一回事,那就是铁证,目前没有专家的鉴定,国内不会做,国外可能没有机会(样本)做。
 
我是不大懂生化,不过如果一个国家研制生化武器,一定是最高级机密,还拿到顶级科学杂志上去发表,基因,蛋白,序列,变异等等等前因后果,生怕全世界不知道啊?

不一定是生化武器,只是有这么个研究,搞除了这种病毒,maybe,不小心泄露了。
 
生化武器,研究了这么久连解药都没有?
病毒特性,传染机制事先都一无所知?
 
最后编辑:
如果一回事,那就是铁证,目前没有专家的鉴定,国内不会做,国外可能没有机会(样本)做。

希望有人搞清楚,不是一回事最好,省得阴谋论,还能还人家研究人员清白。
要是相同,那问题大了,到底是为啥要搞,又怎么就到了实验室外了。否则那好几百人枉死了。
 
不一定是生化武器,只是有这么个研究,搞除了这种病毒,maybe,不小心泄露了。
石正丽课题组翻山越岭花了13年,在云南找到SARS自然宿主,现在又发生瘟疫,这么多人指名道姓怀疑她改造,并泄露新病毒,比那几个红十字会的罪过大多了,有任何根据吗?她改造病毒的目的是什么?如果不是当武器用,在她家旁边释放瘟疫病毒?瘫痪全市全国全世界?
 
一般来说,施毒高手不可能自己没有解药,反过来说那个有解药的很可能是用毒者。
 
CoV-2019 是实验室泄露出来的说法没有根据 (zt自赛先生)

来源: 吃与活 于 2020-02-05 15:13:00

评论:CoV-2019 是实验室泄露出来的说法没有根据

撰文 | 项焰(美国德克萨斯州立大学圣安东尼奥医学中心教授)

石正丽带领的团队最近在《自然》上发表了一篇文章,描述了他们在武汉肺炎病人上发现一种新的冠状病毒(nCoV-2019)的过程和分析。他们从五个病人的体内得到了病毒的全测序,并拿他们和已知的病毒序列进行了比较,发现是一种新的病毒。

这个新病毒和一种蝙蝠冠状病毒 RaTG13 在一个短的区域有高序列同源性。RaTG13 是石正丽他们几年前在云南省的蝙蝠中检测到的,但他们在此之前并没有 RaTG13 的活病毒和全序列。于是他们从保存的 RNA 样品里测了 RaTG13 的全序列,发现 RaTG13 和 nCoV-2019 的全基因组序列有 96.2%的同源性,共有近 1100 个碱基的差异。

结合其他冠状病毒的假定突变率估计,RaTG13 和 nCoV-2019 这两种病毒可能在 25 到 65 年前有一个共同的祖先。这表明这两种病毒是近亲。相比之下, SARS 病毒和 2019-nCoV 有约80%的全基因组序列同源性,是更远的亲戚。CoV-2019 是一个从来没见过的新病毒,在实验室目前也没有和 CoV-2019 最接近的蝙蝠冠状病毒 RaTG13 的活病毒,说 CoV-2019 是实验室泄露出来的是没有根据的。

石正丽团队为什么要研究动物上的病毒呢?因为要有效防止像 SARS一样的新发传染病,就应该研究 SARS 病毒到底从哪来,还有没有别的病毒会从动物上侵染人类。

自 2004 年开始,石正丽团队到中国各个省市采集了数千只中华菊头蝠标本,并对其体内病毒进行基因组分析。2013 年,他们在云南省一个洞穴中发现了一群携带有 SARS 样冠状病毒的中华菊头蝠,通过测序及序列比对,他们发现该病毒与 2003 年爆发的 SARS 病毒具有高度同源性。这个结果说明 SARS 病毒极可能起源于蝙蝠。此成果获得了中国国家自然科学奖二等奖。

2015 年美国北卡的 Ralph Baric 团队根据石正丽发现的蝙蝠冠状病毒序列,构建了一个活的蝙蝠冠状重组病毒(这就是网上传的 2015 年Nature Medicine 文章),发现它可以感染人细胞,并以此预测蝙蝠冠状病毒可能会进化到侵袭人类,需要密切监控。和 RaTG13 比,这个蝙蝠冠状重组病毒和 nCoV-2019 相差更远,更不可能是造成武汉肺炎的病毒。

2018 年,石正丽联合另外两个团队发现,导致2016 年广州仔猪致死性疾病的冠状病毒,与发生疫情猪场附近的蝙蝠洞穴中发现的冠状病毒全基因组序列一致性高达 98.48%,从而认定广州仔猪致死性疾病是来自于蝙蝠的冠状病毒造成的。这些研究找到了新发病毒的源头,对于防范未来的新发传染病很有帮助。

参考资料

[1] V.D. Menachery, B.L. Yount, Jr., K. Debbink, S. Agnihothram, L.E. Gralinski, J.A. Plante, R.L. Graham, T. Scobey, X.Y. Ge, E.F. Donaldson, S.H. Randell, A. Lanzavecchia, W.A. Marasco, Z.L. Shi and R.S. Baric, A sars-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence, Nature medicine 21 (2015), no. 12, 1508-1513.

[2] X.Y. Ge, J.L. Li, X.L. Yang, A.A. Chmura, G. Zhu, J.H. Epstein, J.K. Mazet, B. Hu, W. Zhang, C. Peng, Y.J. Zhang, C.M. Luo, B. Tan, N. Wang, Y. Zhu, G. Crameri, S.Y. Zhang, L.F. Wang, P. Daszak and Z.L. Shi, Isolation and characterization of a bat sars-like coronavirus that uses the ace2 receptor, Nature 503 (2013), no. 7477, 535-538.

[3] B. He, Y. Zhang, L. Xu, W. Yang, F. Yang, Y. Feng, L. Xia, J. Zhou, W. Zhen, Y. Feng, H. Guo, H. Zhang and C. Tu, Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats in china, Journal of virology 88 (2014), no. 12, 7070-7082.

[4] D. Paraskevis, E.G. Kostaki, G. Magiorkinis, G. Panayiotakopoulos, G. Sourvinos and S. Tsiodras, Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-ncov) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases (2020), 104212.

[5] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. Wu, W. Wang, H. Song, B. Huang, N. Zhu, Y. Bi, X. Ma, F. Zhan, L. Wang, T. Hu, H. Zhou, Z. Hu, W. Zhou, L. Zhao, J. Chen, Y. Meng, J. Wang, Y. Lin, J. Yuan, Z. Xie, J. Ma, W.J. Liu, D. Wang, W. Xu, E.C. Holmes, G.F. Gao, G. Wu, W. Chen, W. Shi and W. Tan, Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding, Lancet (2020).

 
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